Connected TV can still be a bit of a wild west when it comes to knowing which apps bring the best ad inventory, but the latest analysis from ad fraud platform Pixalate aims to offer advertisers a bit of guidance.

Pixalate’s methodology involves examining more than 60,000 connected TV apps, ranking them for quality of programmatic inventory, invalid traffic and viewability, as well as overall popularity.

For Roku devices, which currently lead North America in market share, Pluto TV was ranked first, followed by DIRECTV, Kidoodle, Tubi and The Roku Channel.

While Pluto ranked slightly lower on its invalid traffic than the rest of the top five, it had higher rankings on ad density and engagement. DIRECTV and Tubi ranked highest on invalid traffic.

On Samsung devices, SlingTV, Fubo, Samsung TV, Pluto TV and Tubi were the top five. On Amazon Fire devices, Fubo, Frndly.tv, DIRECTV, Bloomberg and TNT ranked the highest.

No one service appeared in the top five across platforms, but Pluto, Fubo, Tubi and DIRECTV all appeared in two.

Overall, the top performing apps on Roku had an overall higher trust score than the apps on Samsung and Amazon Fire: while the top ten on Roku all score a 99, the top ten on Fire ranged from 99 to 96, with Samsung’s top ten ranging from 99 to 92.